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href=\"https:\/\/blog.sciencenet.cn\/blog-3299525-1098770.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer 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Zacharias\uff09\u6559\u6388\u6536\u7559\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u6253\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\u5c0f\u5de5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63a8\u8350\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u5165\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u56de\u97e6\u65af\u8001\u5b9e\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0a\u5b8c\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd8\u63a5\u7740\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u5728\u624e\u5361\u745e\u4e9a\u65af\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u62ff\u4e86\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u97e6\u65af\u540e\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u6559\u6388\u671f\u95f4\u4e5f\u6536\u7559\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u5b66\u671f\u95f4\u8f8d\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u574f\u5c0f\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u4fee\u6885\u514b\uff08David Shoemaker\uff09\u548c\u4f69\u5947\uff08Lyman Page\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u522b\u662f\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4fee\u6885\u514b\u540e\u6765\u8fd8\u6210\u4e3a\u63a2\u6d4b\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u56fd\u9645\u534f\u4f5c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bfe\u9898\u662f\u521a\u840c\u82bd\u7684\u94ef\u539f\u5b50\u949f\u6280\u672f\u3002\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u949f\u6765\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u91cf\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u949f\u6162\u201d\u6548\u5e94\u90a3\u65f6\u5f88\u65f6\u9ae6\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u6d4b\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5f53\u521d\u505a\u9ad8\u4fdd\u771f\u7535\u8def\u65f6\u7684\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7cbe\u76ca\u6c42\u7cbe\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u97e6\u65af\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u8ddf\u72c4\u514b\uff08Robert 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.sciencenet.cn\/home.php?mod=attachment&amp;filename=349-Young-Rainer-Weiss.jpg&amp;id=158828\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u97e6\u65af\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7167\u3002\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u7ec4\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea2\u5916\u8f90\u5c04\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b66\u751f\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u8bb2\u8bb2\u97e6\u4f2f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u97e6\u4f2f\u68d2\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u6478\u4e0d\u7740\u5934\u8111\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5e72\u8106\u5e03\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u97e6\u4f2f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u97e6\u4f2f\u5728\u8d39\u66fc\u7684\u201c\u7c98\u73e0\u201d\u5047\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u6839\u68cd\u5b50\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u7434\u5f26\u201d\u5bfb\u627e\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5171\u632f\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u90a3\u9897\u73e0\u5b50\uff0c\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u91cf\u73e0\u5b50\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\u2014\u2014\u5e45\u5ea6\u4f1a\u6781\u5176\u5fae\u5c0f\uff0c\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u5171\u632f\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u653e\u5927\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6d4b\u91cf\u5462\uff1f\u97e6\u4f2f\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5149\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u653e\u5927\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1887\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a\uff08Albert Michelson\uff09\u548c\u83ab\u96f7\uff08Edward Morley\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u675f\u5149\u7528\u534a\u900f\u955c\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4efd\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u9001\u5f80\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u955c\u5b50\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u6c47\u805a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8c\u8005\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u805a\u5408\u7684\u5149\u4ea7\u751f\u5e72\u6d89\u6761\u7eb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5149\u675f\u8d70\u7740\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u627e\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u5149\u901f\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5047\u8bbe\u5149\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u4ee5\u592a\u201d\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u4e5f\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u4e2d\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u63a8\u8bba\u987a\u7740\u5730\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u5782\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u5149\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5149\u675f\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fae\u5c0f\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5e72\u6d89\u6761\u7eb9\u4e2d\u6d4b\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a\u548c\u83ab\u96f7\u6ca1\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5149\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u5730\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5c14\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5149\u901f\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6027\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a\u56e0\u6b64\u8d62\u5f971907\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5956\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97\u79d1\u5b66\u7c7b\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u97e6\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u5149\u901f\u662f\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7ec8\u70b9\u5904\u628a\u5149\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u6765\u7684\u955c\u5b50\u4fbf\u662f\u8d39\u66fc\u7684\u73e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u6ce2\u52a8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u6761\u5149\u8def\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5e72\u6d89\u6761\u7eb9\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u8bfe\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfe\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5728\u5802\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u97e6\u65af\u5728\u665a\u4e0a\u78b0\u5934\uff0c\u52a0\u73ed\u52a0\u70b9\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u642d\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81c2\u957f1.5\u7c73\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u7528\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u5230\u6765\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u63a2\u6d4b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88c5\u7f6e\u6bd4\u5f53\u5e74\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a\u548c\u83ab\u96f7\u7528\u7684\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6fc0\u5149\u4f5c\u5149\u6e90\uff0c\u5148\u8fdb\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u665a\u4e0a\u5e72\u6d3b\u4e5f\u6709\u597d\u5904\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5c31\u5728\u5730\u94c1\u7ebf\u8fb9\u4e0a\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u8f66\u7ecf\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u964b\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5c31\u88ab\u9707\u8361\u5f97\u4e00\u584c\u7cca\u6d82\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u7b49\u5230\u672b\u73ed\u8f66\u5f00\u8fc7\u3001\u591c\u6df1\u4eba\u9759\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u6643\u4e24\u4e09\u5e74\u5c31\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u548c\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e9b\u6362\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u832c\u7684\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u4e50\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u7cfb\u91cc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u5219\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5728\u641e\u4ec0\u4e48\u540d\u5802\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u8001\u6559\u6388\u597d\u5fc3\u5730\u63d0\u9192\u97e6\u65af\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u773c\u770b\u7740\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u628a\u4ed6\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\u3001\u7b14\u8bb0\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u7bc7\u6750\u6599\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5b63\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d7\u3000\u00d7\u3000\u00d7\u3000\u00d7\u3000\u00d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u97e6\u65af1972\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5185\u90e8\u62a5\u544a\u5206\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u7528\u9ad8\u7a7a\u6c14\u7403\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5fae\u6ce2\u80cc\u666f\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u662f\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u628a\u5b83\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5f15\u529b\u5929\u7ebf\u201d\uff08Gravitational Antenna\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9762\u4e16\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u5185\u90e8\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4eba\u77e5\u6653\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.sciencenet.cn\/home.php?mod=attachment&amp;filename=weissIFO.png&amp;id=158829\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u97e6\u65af1972\u5e74\u4e2d\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8349\u56fe\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d39\u66fc1957\u5e74\u5728\u6559\u5802\u5c71\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u7c98\u73e0\u8bba\u201d\u7528\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3010\u89c1<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.sciencenet.cn\/blog-3299525-1094476.html\">\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u4e4b\u4e8c<\/a>\u3011\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u68cd\u5b50\u201d\u5448\u5341\u5b57\u4ea4\u53c9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u73e0\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56fe\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u8d39\u66fc\u90a3\u4e2a\u56fe\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u65b9\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f27\u5f62\u7684\u955c\u5b50\u53cd\u5c04\u6fc0\u5149\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u955c\u5b50\u4fbf\u662f\u8d39\u66fc\u7684\u73e0\u5b50\u3002\u955c\u5b50\u548c\u56fe\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6fc0\u5149\u534a\u900f\u955c\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u7b49\u4e4b\u95f4\u6784\u6210\u4e24\u6761\u201c\u957f\u81c2\u201d\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8d39\u66fc\u7684\u68cd\u5b50\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u97e6\u65af\u7684\u957f\u81c2\u53ea\u662f\u6fc0\u5149\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u68cd\u5b50\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u60ac\u6302\u955c\u5b50\u7684\u652f\u67b6\u3001\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u5730\u9762\u7684\u5149\u6e90\u3001\u534a\u900f\u955c\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u5730\u7403\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u9664\u4e86\u955c\u5b50\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u56fa\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u72ec\u60ac\u5176\u5916\u7684\u955c\u5b50\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u7684\u98a4\u52a8\u4fbf\u662f\u73e0\u5b50\u4e0e\u68cd\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u955c\u5b50\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98a4\u52a8\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u957f\u81c2\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4ea7\u751f\u7ec6\u5fae\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5dee\u5f02\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u88ab\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u6fc0\u5149\u675f\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u6761\u7eb9\u653e\u5927\u6d4b\u91cf\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u97e6\u4f2f\u7684\u5171\u632f\u68d2\u662f\u4e00\u6839\u7434\u5f26\uff0c\u4ed6\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u662f\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e0b\u62e8\u52a8\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u9ad8\u4fdd\u771f\u7ec4\u5408\u97f3\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u671f\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5929\u7ebf\u201d\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u64ad\u653e\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u7684\u5168\u5957\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eea\u5668\u6700\u654f\u611f\u7684\u9891\u7387\u8303\u56f4\u6b63\u597d\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6240\u6c89\u9189\u7684\u94a2\u7434\u7684\u97f3\u57df\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u63a2\u6d4b\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u7740\u8ff7\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u97f3\u54cd\u53d1\u70e7\u53cb\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u65f6\u4ed6\u795e\u5f80\u7684\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u8c03\u9891\u53f0\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u59d1\u5a18\u6307\u4e0b\u7684\u94a2\u7434\u66f2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u6765\u81ea\u9065\u8fdc\u65f6\u7a7a\u3001\u6d69\u701a\u5e7f\u5b87\u7684\u97f3\u9636\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6b64\u66f2\u53ea\u5e94\u5929\u4e0a\u6709\uff0c\u4eba\u95f4\u80fd\u5f97\u51e0\u56de\u95fb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d7\u3000\u00d7\u3000\u00d7\u3000\u00d7\u3000\u00d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u97e6\u65af\u5374\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9762\u5bf9\u4eba\u4e16\u95f4\u7684\u70e6\u607c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fdb\u51651960\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u683c\u5c40\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u957f\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u8d70\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u76f8\u4fe1\u7236\u6bcd\u4e00\u8f88\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u573a\u9677\u5165\u7684\u6ce5\u6f6d\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u4ea7\u751f\u7591\u60d1\u3001\u8b66\u60d5\u30021969\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4f8b\u884c\u7684\u519b\u961f\u62e8\u6b3e\u6cd5\u6848\u4e2d\u9644\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u66fc\u65af\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u201d\uff08Mansfield Amendment\uff09\uff0c\u660e\u6587\u7981\u6b62\u519b\u961f\u51fa\u94b1\u8d44\u52a9\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u519b\u961f\u5bf9\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u7b49\u6c11\u95f4\u673a\u6784\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u9996\u5f53\u5176\u51b2\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u9879\u76ee\u7acb\u523b\u9677\u5165\u65ad\u7cae\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u73a9\u610f\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u53ea\u80fd\u81ea\u8c0b\u51fa\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1973\u5e74\uff0c\u97e6\u65af\u5411\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08NSF\uff09\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u3002\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u90a3\u65f6\u8fd8\u5728\u5168\u529b\u8d44\u52a9\u97e6\u4f2f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4f24\u5fc3\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u97e6\u65af\u63a5\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u540c\u884c\u6bd4\u4ee4\uff08Heinz Billing\uff09\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u4ed6\u8fd9\u8fb9\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u5f88\u7eb3\u95f7\u6bd4\u4ee4\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e2a\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u3002\u6bd4\u4ee4\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5766\u767d\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6536\u5230\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5bc4\u6765\u7684\u97e6\u65af\u7533\u8bf7\u4e66\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u6bd4\u4ee4\u5728\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u4eff\u7167\u4e86\u4e00\u6839\u97e6\u4f2f\u68d2\uff0c\u6298\u817e\u51e0\u5e74\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u83b7\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5931\u843d\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u97e6\u65af\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f88\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u987e\u4e0d\u4e0a\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u533f\u540d\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u52a8\u624b\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6bd4\u4ee4\u8fd8\u544a\u8bc9\u97e6\u65af\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6d41\u4f20\u5f00\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd8\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u97e6\u4f2f\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u535a\u58eb\u4f0f\u534e\u5fb7\uff08Robert Forward\uff09\u4e5f\u5728\u4f11\u65af\u98de\u673a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u81ea\u5df1\u5efa\u9020\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c31\u8fd1\u62c9\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u7279\u857e\u6ce2\u5c14\u5e2e\u5fd9\u3002\uff08\u4f0f\u534e\u5fb7\u540e\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6025\u6d41\u52c7\u9000\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u804c\u4e1a\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u97e6\u65af\u81ea\u5df1\u5012\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5c71\u7a77\u6c34\u5c3d\uff0c\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u7528\u9ad8\u7a7a\u6c14\u7403\u63a2\u6d4b\u5b87\u5b99\u5fae\u6ce2\u80cc\u666f\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0d\u4fd7\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u804c\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u5c40\uff08NASA\uff09\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfe\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u628a\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u536b\u661f\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u30021976\u5e74\uff0c\u97e6\u65af\u88ab\u822a\u5929\u5c40\u8058\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u5fae\u6ce2\u80cc\u666f\u8f90\u5c04\u63a2\u6d4b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u3002\u822a\u5929\u5c40\u8d22\u5927\u6c14\u7c97\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u79d1\u7814\u7ecf\u8d39\u53d1\u6101\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6682\u65f6\u6401\u7f6e\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\uff0c\u4ed6\u90a3\u8046\u542c\u5929\u7c41\u4e4b\u97f3\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure 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